Commands and Shortcut Keystrokes

This is a little place for me to collate useful keystrokes and commands that I tend to forget, and so need written down.

• Windows XP
• Windows 7
• Windows 8
• OS X
• GMail
• Delphi

Windows XP

WinKey = ÿ aka the Windows key (alas Unicode has no character for this image - instead it's in the WingDings font as character 255 so probably won't display on a Mac)

Shortcut	aka	Meaning
Ctrl+Shift+Esc		Invoke Task Manager or whatever replacement you might have installed, such as Process Explorer from SysInternals
Alt+Tab		Cycle through tasks
Alt+Shift+Tab		Cycle through tasks in reverse
Alt+Esc		Switch to next app in Alt+Tab list
Alt+Shift+Esc		Switch to previous app in Alt+Tab list
Alt+Enter		Equivalent of right-clicking an item in Windows Explorer and choosing Properties
ÿ+D	WinKey+d	Toggle show desktop
ÿ+E	WinKey+e	Windows Explorer
ÿ+F	WinKey+f	Find file
ÿ+Ctrl+F	WinKey+Ctrl+f	Find computer
ÿ+L	WinKey+l	Lock workstation
ÿ+M	WinKey+m	Minimise all windows
ÿ+Shift+M	WinKey+Shift+m	Restore all windows
ÿ+R	WinKey+r	Start, Run...
ÿ+U	WinKey+u	Windows Ease of Access Centre
ÿ+X	WinKey+x	Windows Mobility Centre
ÿ+Break	WinKey+Break	Windows System properties
ÿ+F1	WinKey+F1	Windows help

There are a few other tidbits in an older post about shortcuts, such as drag & drop modifiers, dragging to the command prompt & Run dialog, and more besides.

Windows 7

WinKey = ÿ aka the Windows key (alas Unicode has no character for this image - instead it's in the WingDings font as character 255 so probably won't display on a Mac)

Shortcut	aka	Meaning
Ctrl+Shift+Esc		Invoke Task Manager or whatever replacement you might have installed, such as Process Explorer from SysInternals
Alt+Tab		Cycle through tasks
Alt+Shift+Tab		Cycle through tasks in reverse
Alt+Esc		Switch to next app in Alt+Tab list
Alt+Shift+Esc		Switch to previous app in Alt+Tab list
ÿ+B	WinKey+b	Give focus to Task Bar’s notification area so arrow keys can move between notification icons, Enter can select them (like clicking them with the mouse), Shift+F10 can show context menu, Shift+Tab can move focus to notification area etc.
ÿ+D	WinKey+d	Toggle show desktop
ÿ+E	WinKey+e	Windows Explorer
ÿ+F	WinKey+f	Find file
ÿ+Ctrl+F	WinKey+Ctrl+f	Find computer
ÿ+G	WinKey+g	Cycle between the Windows Gadgets on the desktop
ÿ+L	WinKey+l	Lock workstation
ÿ+M	WinKey+m	Minimise all windows
ÿ+Shift+M	WinKey+Shift+m	Restore all windows
ÿ+P	WinKey+p	Invoke the presentation menu to allow options of displaying on computer only, duplicating to external display, extending to external display or displaying on external display only
ÿ+R	WinKey+r	Start, Run...
ÿ+T	WinKey+t	Give focus to Task Bar so arrow keys can move between Task Bar items, Enter can select them (like clicking them with the mouse), Shift+F10 can show context menu, Tab can move focus to notification area etc.
ÿ+U	WinKey+u	Windows Ease of Access Centre
ÿ+X	WinKey+x	Windows Mobility Centre
ÿ+Break	WinKey+Break	Windows System properties
ÿ+F1	WinKey+F1	Windows help
ÿ+Tab	WinKey+Tab	Glitzier version of Alt+Tab
ÿ+Shift+Tab	WinKey+Shift+Tab	Glitzier version of Alt+Shift+Tab
ÿ++	WinKey+Plus	Zoom in (via Magnifier)
ÿ+-	WinKey+Minus	Zoom out (via Magnifier)
ÿ+Esc	WinKey+Esc	Turn off zoom, if active
Alt+↑	Alt+Up Arrow	In Windows Explorer navigate one folder up in the folder hierarchy
Ctrl+Shift+N		In Windows Explorer this creates a new folder
Alt+Enter		Equivalent of right-clicking an item in Windows Explorer and choosing Properties
Shift+right-click on an item		Enables extended Send To menu (has many more items in it). Also adds Copy as Path and Pin to Start Menu to the context menu.
Shift+right-click on a folder		Adds in context menu command: Open command window here. This starts cmd.exe with the current directory being the folder in question.
Ctrl+Shift+Enter		In Start menu's search box launches as Administrator
Prt Sc	Print Screen	Copy a screenshot to the clipboard
Alt+Prt Sc	Alt+Print Screen	Copy a screenshot of just the focused window to the clipboard
Shift+Alt+Prt Sc	left Shift+left Alt+Print Screen	Toggle High Contrast mode
Ctrl+Alt+↑	Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow	Rotate screen to default orientation default
Ctrl+Alt+→	Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 90 degrees from default
Ctrl+Alt+↓	Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 180 degrees from default
Ctrl+Alt+←	Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 270 degrees from default
ÿ+Space	WinKey+Space	Equivalent to desktop peek button to right of Task Bar’s notification area – makes all windows transparent so you can see the desktop until you release the keys. This is known as Aero Peek.
ÿ+↑	WinKey+Up Arrow	Maximise window. Same as dragging window’s title bar to top of screen.
ÿ+↓	WinKey+Down Arrow	Restore maximised window, or minimise restored window
ÿ+←	WinKey+Left Arrow	Alternately expand windows to fill left half of screen, expand to fill right half of screen or restore to previous size. Dragging window’s title bar to left edge of screen also expands window to fill left half of screen.
ÿ+→	WinKey+Right Arrow	Alternately expand windows to fill right half of screen, expand to fill left half of screen or restore to previous size. Dragging window’s title bar to right edge of screen also expands window to fill right half of screen.
ÿ+Home	WinKey+Home	Minimise all but the active window. You can get the same effect by clicking on a window’s title bar and shaking it about (known as Aero Shake)
ÿ+Shift+↑	WinKey+Shift+Up Arrow	Maximise window vertically (leave width unchanged). This is the same as double-clicking the window’s top or bottom resize border
ÿ+Shift+←	WinKey+Shift+Left Arrow	Move window to the monitor on the left
ÿ+Shift+→	WinKey+Shift+Right Arrow	Move window to the monitor on the right
ÿ+<digit>	WinKey+<a number>	Start app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed, or switch to it if already open
ÿ+Shift+<digit>	WinKey+Shift+<a number>	Start new instance of app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed. Shift-clicking the item does the same.
Shift+click a Task Bar button		Same as ÿ+Shift+<digit>
Ctrl+Shift+click a Task Bar button		Open program as administrator
ÿ+Ctrl+<digit>	WinKey+Ctrl+<a number>	Cycle through open windows of app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed
ÿ+Alt+<digit>	WinKey+Alt+<a number>	Show the Jump List for the item on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed
Shift+right-click a Task Bar button		Show XP-style Window menu
Ctrl+click a grouped Task Bar button		Cycle through the windows of the group

There are a few other tidbits in an older post about shortcuts, such as drag & drop modifiers, dragging to the command prompt & Run dialog, and more besides.

Windows 8

WinKey = ÿ aka the Windows key (alas Unicode has no character for this image - instead it's in the WingDings font as character 255 so probably won't display on a Mac)

Shortcut	aka	Meaning
Ctrl+Shift+Esc		Invoke Task Manager or whatever replacement you might have installed, such as Process Explorer from SysInternals
Alt+Tab		Cycle through "Metro" (Windows 8) and desktop apps
Alt+Shift+Tab		Cycle through "Metro" (Windows 8) and desktop apps in reverse order
Alt+Esc		Switch to next desktop app in Alt+Tab list
Alt+Shift+Esc		Switch to previous desktop app in Alt+Tab list
ÿ+B	WinKey+b	Give focus to Task Bar’s notification area so arrow keys can move between notification icons, Enter can select them (like clicking them with the mouse), Shift+F10 can show context menu, Shift+Tab can move focus to notification area etc.
ÿ+C	WinKey+c	Dispay the Charms bar. Equivalent to moving the mouse to the right edge of the screen or swiping in from the right edge of the screen.
ÿ+D	WinKey+d	Toggle show desktop
ÿ+E	WinKey+e	Windows Explorer
ÿ+F	WinKey+f	Open Search Charm and do a search on Files
ÿ+H	WinKey+h	Open Share Charm
ÿ+I	WinKey+i	Open Settings Charm
ÿ+J	WinKey+j	Switch the main app and snapped app
ÿ+K	WinKey+k	Open Devices Charm
ÿ+L	WinKey+l	Lock workstation
ÿ+M	WinKey+m	Minimise all desktop app windows
ÿ+Shift+M	WinKey+Shift+m	Restore all desktop app windows
ÿ+O	WinKey+o	Lock device orientation
ÿ+P	WinKey+p	Invoke the presentation menu to allow options of displaying on computer only, duplicating to external display, extending to external display or displaying on external display only
ÿ+Q	WinKey+q	Open Search Charm and do a search on Apps
ÿ+R	WinKey+r	Run a command
ÿ+T	WinKey+t	Give focus to Task Bar so arrow keys can move between Task Bar items, Enter can select them (like clicking them with the mouse), Shift+F10 can show context menu, Tab can move focus to notification area etc. Repeated presses of the keystroke cycles through the buttons on the Task Bar
ÿ+U	WinKey+u	Windows Ease of Access Centre
ÿ+V	WinKey+v	Cycle through notifications
ÿ+Shift+V	WinKey+Shift+v	Cycle through notifications in reverse order
ÿ+W	WinKey+w	Open Search Charm and do a search on Settings
ÿ+X	WinKey+x	Opens Quick Link menu. Equivalent to right-clicking the Start tip you get when moving the mouse to the bottom left of the screen.
ÿ+Z	WinKey+z	Show app commands. Equivalent to right-clicking a general area of the application.
ÿ+Break	WinKey+Break	Windows System properties
ÿ+F1	WinKey+F1	Windows help
Prt Sc	Print Screen	Copy a screenshot to the clipboard
Alt+Prt Sc	Alt+Print Screen	Copy a screenshot of just the focused window to the clipboard
ÿ+PrtSc	WinKey+Print Screen	Save a PNG screenshot in the logged in user's My Pictures folder
ÿ+Tab	WinKey+Tab	Cycle through "Metro" (Windows 8) apps
ÿ+Shift+Tab	WinKey+Shift+Tab	Cycle through "Metro" (Windows 8) apps in reverse order
ÿ++	WinKey+Plus	Zoom in (via Magnifier, which autostarts)
ÿ+-	WinKey+Minus	Zoom out (via Magnifier)
ÿ+Esc	WinKey+Escape	Cancel zoom, if enabled
ÿ+.	WinKey+Period	Cycle through snapping an app to the right, to the left and unsnapping it
ÿ+Shift+.	WinKey+Shift+Period	Cycle through snapping an app to the left, to the right and unsnapping it
Alt+↑	Alt+Up Arrow	In Windows Explorer navigate one folder up in the folder hierarchy
Ctrl+Shift+N		In Windows Explorer this creates a new folder
Alt+Enter		Equivalent of right-clicking an item in Windows Explorer and choosing Properties
Shift+right-click on an item in Windows Explorer		Enables extended Send To menu (has many more items in it). Also adds Copy as Path to the context menu.
Shift+right-click on a folder		Adds in context menu command: Open command window here. This starts cmd.exe with the current directory being the folder in question.
Ctrl+Shift+Enter		In Start screen's Apps search results launches app as Administrator
Shift+Alt+Prt Sc	left Shift+left Alt+Print Screen	Toggle High Contrast mode
Ctrl+Alt+↑	Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow	Rotate screen to default orientation default
Ctrl+Alt+→	Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 90 degrees from default
Ctrl+Alt+↓	Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 180 degrees from default
Ctrl+Alt+←	Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow	Rotate screen orientation 270 degrees from default
ÿ+,	WinKey+Comma	Makes all windows transparent so you can see the desktop until you release the keys. Equivalent to (invisible) desktop peek button to right of Task Bar’s notification area. This was done by ÿ+Space in Windows 7
ÿ+↑	WinKey+Up Arrow	Maximise window. Same as dragging window’s title bar to top of screen.
ÿ+↓	WinKey+Down Arrow	Restore maximised window, or minimise restored window
ÿ+←	WinKey+Left Arrow	Alternately expand windows to fill left half of screen, expand to fill right half of screen or restore to previous size. Dragging window’s title bar to left edge of screen also expands window to fill left half of screen.
ÿ+→	WinKey+Right Arrow	Alternately expand windows to fill right half of screen, expand to fill left half of screen or restore to previous size. Dragging window’s title bar to right edge of screen also expands window to fill right half of screen.
ÿ+Home	WinKey+Home	Minimise all but the active window. You can get the same effect by clicking on a window’s title bar and shaking it about (known as Aero Shake)
ÿ+Shift+↑	WinKey+Shift+Up Arrow	Maximise window vertically (leave width unchanged). This is the same as double-clicking the window’s top or bottom resize border
ÿ+Shift+←	WinKey+Shift+Left Arrow	Move window to the monitor on the left
ÿ+Shift+→	WinKey+Shift+Right Arrow	Move window to the monitor on the right
ÿ+PgUp	WinKey+Page Up	Move Start screen and "Metro" (Windows 8) apps to the monitor on the left
ÿ+PgDn	WinKey+Page Down	Move Start screen and "Metro" (Windows 8) apps to the monitor on the right
ÿ+<digit>	WinKey+<a number>	Start app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed, or switch to it if already open
ÿ+Shift+<digit>	WinKey+Shift+<a number>	Start new instance of app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed. Shift-clicking the item does the same.
Shift+click a Task Bar button		Same as ÿ+Shift+<digit>
ÿ+Ctrl+Shift+<digit>	WinKey+Ctrl+Shift+<a number>	Start new instance of app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed running as administrator. Ctrl+Shift-clicking the item does the same.
Ctrl+Shift+click a Task Bar button		Same as ÿ+Ctrl+Shift+<digit>
ÿ+Ctrl+<digit>	WinKey+Ctrl+<a number>	Cycle through open windows of app pinned on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed
ÿ+Alt+<digit>	WinKey+Alt+<a number>	Show the Jump List for the item on the Task Bar at the position corresponding to the number pressed
Shift+right-click a Task Bar button		Show XP-style Window menu
Ctrl+click a grouped Task Bar button		Cycle through the windows of the group
ÿ+Space	WinKey+Space	Switch input language and keyboard layout
ÿ+Ctrl+Space	WinKey+Ctrl+Space	Switch to previous input language and keyboard layout

There are a few other tidbits in an older post about shortcuts, such as drag & drop modifiers, dragging to the command prompt & Run dialog, and more besides.

OS X

NB: Some of the special Mac symbols may not render on a non-Mac if the necessary Unicode font is not installed.

↩ (character 8617, so ↩ in HTML) = Enter
⇧ (character 8679, so ⇧ in HTML) = Shift
⌘ (character 8984, so ⌘ in HTML) = Command
⌥ (character 8997, so ⌥ in HTML) = Option or Alt
⎋ (character 9099, so ⎋ in HTML) = Escape
⏏ (character 9212, so ⏏ in HTML) = Eject

Shortcut	aka	Meaning
On startup
C		boot from bootable CD/DVD
⌥	Option	show all bootable volumes
Finder
⌘E	Command-E	eject
⌘↓	Command-Down arrow	Open highlighted item
Miscellaneous
⌘⇧3	Command-Shift-3	save image of full screen to files on desktop
⌘⇧4	Command-Shift-4	save image of selected part of screen to desktop (press Space to select window under cursor)
⌥⌘⎋	Option-Command-Esc	force close from list
⌥⌘⇧⎋	Option-Command-Shift-Esc (for 3 seconds)	force close frontmost app
⌥⌘⏏	Option-Command-Eject	Send Mac to sleep
^F2	Control-F2	Give keyboard focus to menu bar
^F3	Control-F3	Give keyboard focus to Dock
⌥⌘+	Option-Command-Plus	Zoom in (if enabled)
⌥⌘-	Option-Command-Minus	Zoom out (if enabled)
⌥^⌘8	Option-Control-Command-8	Invert colours

GMail

Formal list of shortcuts
Printable list of shortcuts

Shortcut	Meaning
?	show shortcut help
c	compose message
k	newer conversation
j	older conversation
x	select conversation
#	delete conversation
n	next message
p	previous message
o or Enter	open message
r	reply
a	reply all
v	move message
Shift+i	mark as read
g, l	go to label